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第1篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
考研英语：应用文写作全面指导
考研英语的应用文写作，要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。因此同学们在复习过程中应加强对应用文写作特点的了解和针对格式要求的记忆，有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。
在应用文的写作过程中要注意四性：信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。要想写作得高分，这四性缺一不可。应用文写作不单单只是针对格式的复习，格式只是最起码的要求，信息是否完全关系到文章是否完整，结构的合理安排才能让文章层次鲜明，而语言使用的准确性也关系到考生的写作水平和得分情况。希望同学们用较高的标准来要求自己，实现应用文写作中质的突破。
下面，简单地介绍一下这几种应用文的写作技巧：
首先是私人和公务信函。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。信函是很重要的一种应用文。
所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情;所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公务信函。
信函一般都是由写信时间，信内地址，称呼，信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写。姓名写在地址上面。地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.，Mrs.，Dear等比较尊敬的称呼。信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如：sincerely yours，faithfully yours或者yours sincerely，yours faithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。
正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用would，could，may，please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则。不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。
备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语和署名。备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的?写给谁?什么事?并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。
报告分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的`内容做一个简单的概括，最后一段可以发表评论，要注意时态。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间?谁写的?写给谁?什么事?
考生们首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文，要整段整段的背，不仅是背会，而且要脱口而出，并且转换成自己的语言，写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章。多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查，看有无语法错误，有无用词不当，能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思。
希望同学们认真复习，取得良好的复习效果!
第2篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
You are asked to write a letter of recommendation for Miss Liu Ming who wants to study for the Master?s Degree under the supervision of Professor Smith who was once your supervisor in your graduate study. Write a letter to Prof. Smith in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li
Ming” instead.Dear Prof. Smith,
It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration or enlightenment from you. Now I am writing to recommend to you Miss Liu Ming who wants to pursue her graduate study for the Master?s Degree under your supervision.
Miss Liu Ming was one of my classmates in Tianjin University. She was one of the most excellent students in our university as can be seen from her straight A grades on all subjects. After graduation she worked in Tianyi Biological Company for three years, which considerably added to her practical experience.
It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, Miss Liu Ming has great potential for further development in the field of pharmacology both theoretically and practically. Therefore, I recommend her to you with no reservations.
Faithfully yours,
Li Ming
第3篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
考研英语应用文及短文写作指导
中国大学网*应用文写作1.格式
应用文书写作有着严格的格式，中、英文亦如此。在应用文写作这一节，侧重考查公务信函，英文书信的称呼、落款的位置和方式都与汉语不同，要掌握基本的书信格式。
2.语域
所谓语域，就是根据交际的`对象、身份、场合、内容及心理的不同而采取的不同话语方式，一般有正式、一般和非正式三种。考生应根据题目的不同要求选择语域。一般情况下，给私人朋友写信可以用非正式的语域，而公务信函则应该是正式的。
3.内容
研究生写作要求写100字左右的应用文。考生应该在题目给定的情景下，用最简明的语言来传达信息。考生应将所有规定的内容都包含在自己的作文中。另外，在写作时一定要层次分明、用词贴切，结构紧凑。即要言之有物，简明扼要。
*短文写作
1.认真审题，确保作文切和题意。
有的考生草草地看一遍题目觉得没有问题，马上就开始写作，结果写到一半突然发现有所困惑，仔细一看写作内容与题目要求有出入，想要重新再写时间已经不允许，接着写下去后果可想而知。“磨刀不误砍柴工”，在拿到题目后先认真审题，弄清题目后再开始写，同时还应注意要包括提纲或图画的全部要点和信息。
2.确保作文结构清晰、表达清楚、意思连贯。
在写作过程中，考生应思路清晰，运用恰当的语句来表达意思。此外，还要使短文层次分明，合乎逻辑。意思连贯是指句子与句子、段落与段落之间衔接
3.所用句子要完整、连贯、简洁。
完整包括意义的完整和结构的完整。连贯是指句子各部分之间衔接自然。简洁就是要做到只要意思充分表达了，用词越少越好。当然，句式还要有所变化，不出现重大语法错误。
4.文章的长度符合要求。
大纲对两篇短文的字数都有明确要求，考生在写作时应当注意控制字数，使写出的短文长度符合要求。
最后预祝2012考研学生金榜题名!坚持到最后就是胜利者!
kaoyan/第4篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
Suppose you are Li Ming, a professor of East China Normal University. Now write a letter of recommendation for your colleague Professor Wang Xin, who is going to teach Chinese in an English?speaking country, in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.To Whom It May Concern,
I am writing to recommend to you my colleague Professor Wang Xin for the Chinese language teaching position in your renowned university without reserva?tion.
I have been working with Professor Wang for almost twenty years and he strikes me as a most intelligent, diligent and responsible teacher. He has teaching a large range of subjects covering both language and culture.
Professor Wang has been a visiting scholar in the United States for three years and thus his English reading and writing abilities are both strong. Since he has rich experience in teaching overseas students, I fully believe he will do an excellent job if you decide to give him a chance. Please feel free to contact me if you need any further information.
Faithfully yours,
Li Ming
第5篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
考研英语作文冲刺之应用文写作指导
UNIT Ⅰ 文体类型
一 信函
英文书信主要分为两大类：私人信函和公务信函，考研英语作文冲刺：应用文写作指导。
私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信，其内容比较自由，只需包括以下几部分即可：称呼、正文、落款；
公务信函类型多样，应用范围非常广泛，属于正式文体。
此类信函的共同特点是：
1 内容明确，不可漫无目标；
2 言辞诚恳、坦然，不能感情夸张；
3 语言清晰、简洁、有礼。
从形式上侧重考查公务信函，因为只有此类信函才需要用到书面语的正式语体。
二 备忘录
备忘录主要用于公司或部门内部的交流，其主要作用是为雇员传达信息，本公司或部门之外的人一般是看不到的。备忘录一般使用非正式文体，但也可以根据内容及收文人与发文人之间关系而具体决定。例如向上级报道重要事情就需要使用正式的文体。备忘录内容可以采取段落的形式，也可以采用数字编号。
备忘录的结构形式一般包括以下几个部分：
1 信笺上端的公司名称、地址、电话号码等：一般只包括公司名称，地址可以省略；
2 信头包括：To, From, Subject和Date等措词。To后面接收件人姓名、职务等；From后面接备忘录写作者的姓名(注意作者姓名前面不用Dr., Miss, Mr., Ms。之类的称呼)；Subject后是备忘录主要内容的概括性小标题；Date后写日期；
3 正文段落：主题下面空两行写正文，不用称呼和结尾礼词；
4 作者姓名首字母写在正文末行空一行的地方；
功能：1 提供会议摘要；2 为主管人员与职员之间的交流提供更便捷的渠道；3 确认电话交流或会面内容。
三 告示与通知
告示、通知之类的应用文，写作灵活多样，有正式和非正式等多种形式，其目的均为告诉公众某件事或某项活动。文字要求简洁易懂，表达直截了当。这部分又可分为两类，一类是有关部门就某事发出的通知或张贴的告示，此类文件要求结构严谨，用词确切，通常使用比较正式的文体。另一类是关于会议或活动的简单通知，此类文章至少需要包含以下内容：时间、地点、活动内容。
四 便条
便条是一种简短信函，形式比书信简单，多使用非正式文体。内容可包括：时间、收信人、事由、写信人。通常不写发信人地址，开头甚至可以省略Dear等称呼，结尾也可以略去祝贺的话和Yours sincerely等语言。其使用语言特点是通常情况下比一般的信函更接近口语。由于写信人和收信人对互相的情况都十分熟悉，因此一般的客套话均省略。
UNIT Ⅱ 各种信函类型
一 邀请信 (A Letter of Invitation)
邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种：一种为正规的格式(formal correspondence)，亦称请柬；一种是非正式格式(informal correspondence)，即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。书写时应注意：
邀请信一定要将邀请的时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。例如：“I’d like you and Bob to come to Luncheon next Friday. ”这句话中所指的是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上具体日期“I’d like you and Bob to come to luncheon next Friday, May the fifth.”
写作练习：
1 邀请朋友共进午餐 Inviting a friend to informal luncheon
2 邀请朋友同他们不认识的人一起共进晚餐 Inviting friends to supper with the strangers
3 邀请参加新厂开工典礼 Invitation to opening ceremony of new factory
4 邀请来家中小住及周末聚会 An invitation for a house and weekend party
5 邀请参加招待会 An invitation for a reception
6 邀请演讲 Inviting someone to address a meeting
写作“三步走”：说明邀请目的->说明活动安排->期待尽早回复
提示：信中要说明关于活动的详细信息，包括活动时间、地点、内容，有时需要说明参加活动的人员。语气要热情真挚，但不要强人所难。
Directions:
You are going to celebrate your 23rd birthday with a big party. Write a letter to invite your friend Anne to the party. In the letter, please specify the time and the location, explain the activities, and express your wish for her attendance。
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead。
Do not write the address。
范文：
Dear Anne,
I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to my 23rd birthday party at my house on this Saturday night, May the 8th. It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. In addition, since you are a fan of rock music, I am glad to tell you that I have invited our campus Rock"n"Roll band, the “Brainbreak”, to perform. There are also arrangements for dancing and cake-cutting, which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy，考研英语《考研英语作文冲刺：应用文写作指导》。
The dinner starts at 6 pm so that we can have a nice and long evening。
I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision。
Love,
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的.安：
不知你这周六(即5月8日)晚上是否能够来我家参加我的23岁生日派队？我非常想和你一起分享那些重要的时刻。此外，因为你是个摇滚乐歌迷，所以我也很高兴地告诉你，我还邀请到了我们的校园摇滚乐队“Brainbreak”来我的晚会演出。另外我还安排了舞会和切蛋糕等活动，相信你一定会玩得很开心。
晚饭将于6点开始，这样我们就能够享受一个漫长且愉快的夜晚。
我非常希望您能够光临我的晚会，请告知我你的决定。
谨上，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
fan: n. 歌迷，影迷，爱好者
rock music, Rock"n"Roll: 摇滚音乐
arrangement: n. 安排
cake-cutting: n. 切蛋糕
thoroughly: adv. 十分地，彻底地
presence: n. 出席，到场
万能句型：
I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to.。.
It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you。
I am glad to tell you that.。.
There are also arrangements for ... which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy。
The dinner starts at ... so that we can have a nice and long evening。
I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision。
邀请信的回复
邀请信的复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点：
1 接受邀请的复信中应重复写上邀请信中的某些内容，如邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如“I’ll be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday, May the fifth, at twelve o’clock.”。
2 邀请信的复信中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请，不能含乎其词，如不能写“I’ll come if I’m in town. ”这类的话，以使得对方无法作出安排。在接受邀请的复信中，应对受到邀请表示高兴。谢却的复信中应阐明不能应邀的原由。
二 申请信 (A Letter of Application)
申请信有很多种，有求职申请信、有加入某组织的申请信、有报考申请信、有申请学位或留学申请信，等等。无论哪一种申请信，一般都包括这样几个部分：申请的原因，具备的条件，恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复。
写作“三步走”：开宗明义说明申请原因->展开原因->期盼回复、表示感谢
提示：1 语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌；
2 要避免不符合事实的浮夸；
3 如果是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，简介个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。
Directions:
Being a volunteer for the Beijing Olympic Games is your strong wish. Write a letter to the Beijing Olympic Committee to state your application to be a volunteer, describe your qualifications, and express the appreciation of an interview。
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead。
Do not write the address。
第6篇: 考研英语应用文之信写作指导
考研英语应用文写作模版大全
一、概述备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。它的内容可以分为以下几项：
书端（Heading）
收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee"s Name, Title, Address）
称呼(Salutation)
事因(Subject)
正文（Body）
结束语（Complimentary Close）
署名（Signature）
二、备忘录写作注意事项
1、书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。
2、称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用 Dear Sir， 对政府官员可用Sir。
3、正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。“事因”一项目前采用得较少。
三、经典范文（共有5篇范文）
例1、Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.
MEMO
August 16,
To: The leader of student service department
From: Li Ming
Subject: Telephone
Dear Sir,
I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory. As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.
We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us. Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication. I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.
Regards.
Yours,
Li Ming
编辑注：“remind”一词用法比较多，可以在后面直接接人或宾格，如“提醒我”译为“please remind me”。如果提醒某人某事则用“remind somebody of something”，也可以在后面加从句，即“remind sb that”，“remind”还有一个意思为“使想起”同样用“remind…of…”的结构，应注意与提醒某事区分。
例2、Directions: You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment. It should include:
1) Why you need the microscope.
2) When you need it.
MEMO
August 12, 2005
To: Mr. Gates, leader of the supply section
From: Li Ming of the biological laboratory
Subject: Microscope
Dear Sir,
I"m a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work.
Our experiment will start on Friday, so please issue a microscope to us as soon as possible so that we can prepare better for the experiment.
With kind regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
编辑注：在写备忘录的时侯，一定要注意它的`格式，尤其要在开头写清楚是谁写给谁来备忘的，用“From: ／To:”两个单词即可。文中的“badly”是“非常的，迫切的”意思。短语“in order to”同下句的“so that”意思是一样的即：为了，目的是。不同的是前者后接动词原型而后者常跟目的状语从句 ，类似的短语还有“in order that”，用法与“so that”相同。
例3、Directions: If you are the teacher of the students" Counseloris office: P. steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student. Write him a memo to reply him including details:
1) The result of his requirement.
2) The reason for rejecting.
3)some suggestions
You should write about 100 words.
To: Records Section
From: P. steelpes, Career Planning
Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave
Date: May 22, 2005
In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.
While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.
I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you could gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.
If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.
P. steelpes
编辑注：首先要注意本篇备忘录的格式很标准。然后注意这个备忘录的个别词的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、当心的意思，point out 指出,request for 要求，in response to 反馈。
例4、Directions: You are a supervisor of a big company. The chief of operations wants to adopt the“punch-in”system to increase productivity. Write a memo to talk about this:
1) Does the “punch-in”system benefit the company?
2) If the company doesn’t adopt it, what else can we do to increase productivity.
You should write about 100 words.
To: David Green, Chief of Operations
From: Tony Party , Supervisor
Subject: Comments on the “Punch-in” System
Date: March. 22, 2005
This is further to your memo dated March. 20, , in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system.
I fully agree with you that we must increase productivity. As far as your proposal that if the “punch-in” system is adopted, we would have a tighter control over the employees is concerned. However, I don’t think so. I personally think that, to accomplish this, we should give the employees more incentives to work faster. I feel that if we ( the supervisors) could meet with you , we could discuss different possiblilities to create such incentiveness.
Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated.
Tony Party
*编辑注：此篇是对一篇备忘录的回复。生产主管认为实行打孔考勤制度（“punch-in”system），有利于增加生产效率。但督察却不这样认为。他认为“should give the employees more incentives to work faster”。
例5、Directions: You are a manager of administration office naming Vera. M. Bradford. The board of directors have decided to anew the Fitness Center. Write a memo to tell all the employees that:
1) How long will this project be last for?
2) Welcome the employees to provide suggestions.
You should write about 100 words.
To: Every Employees
From: Brian Aponte
Date: November 18, 2005
Subject: Fitness Center
The board of directors approved the idea for anew Fitness Center at its meeting yesterday.
Work on the Fitness Center will begin right now and should be completed within 90 days. An employee representative from each division will be appointed to determine the type of equipment and programs that will be made available.
We are happy to be able to provide a facility that will contribute to the physical fitness of all our employees. Your representative on the task force will contact you soon for your suggestions about activities and equipment.
Brian Aponte
Administration Office, Manager
* 编辑注：这是一篇关于公司修建健身中心的备忘录。备忘录中说健身中心工作马上开始而且“completed within 90 days”。而且希望各部门代表与主办部门联系，征求关于活动和设备的意见。
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